post-thoracotomy pain syndrome, which involves persistent chest pain and nerve damage.injury to the phrenic nerve injury, which controls the movement of the diaphragmĪccording to the American Lung Association, the complications of thoracotomy include:.The possible complications of pericardiectomy include: puncturing the right ventricle of the heart.damaging nearby blood vessels, including puncturing cardiac vessels or internal mammary vessels.Other major complications of this procedure include: pleuropericardial fistula, in which the lung connects abnormally to the pericardium.pneumothorax, which is a collapsed lung.supraventricular arrhythmia, which is the term for an irregular heart rate.rapid drop in heart rate and blood pressure.PericardiocentesisĪccording to a 2017 study, the complications of pericardiocentesis include: However, complications may occur during treatment. According to the National Cancer Institute, it may also lead to organ failure. Untreated cardiac tamponade can lead to shock, arrhythmia, chest pain, organ dysfunction, and, in some cases, death. A 2020 study concluded that people taking colchicine after successful pericardiocentesis showed significant improvement. The treatment options at this stage will depend on the cause of the cardiac tamponade.Ī person may need to take anti-inflammatory medication, such as colchicine. Once the person is stable, the doctor will need to determine and treat the underlying cause of the cardiac tamponade to prevent further complications. blood products to replace the lost blood.IV fluids to maintain normal blood pressure.However, more complicated cases of cardiac tamponade will often require surgery, such as a thoracotomy.Īfter surgery, the individual may receive the following as they stabilize: Such options carry a less significant risk of complications and have lower mortality rates. Thoracotomy: This surgical procedure allows the draining of blood or blood clots from around the heart.Īccording to some research, doctors should choose minimally invasive procedures, such as pericardiocentesis, as the first treatment option. Pericardiectomy: A surgeon will remove part of the pericardium to relieve pressure on the heart.Pericardiocentesis: This procedure involves the removal of fluid from the pericardium using a needle.This treatment involves draining excess fluid from around the heart.Ī doctor may use the following methods to remove the fluid and reduce the pressure on the heart: Blood tests may also detect higher levels of specific enzymes that the body releases in response to damage to the heart muscle.Īs cardiac tamponade can result in shock or death, it always requires emergency medical treatment. The doctor may order blood tests to measure the levels of red and white blood cells or inflammatory markers. CT scan: A CT scan of the chest can confirm the presence of extra fluid in the pericardium.EKG: This test allows the doctor to examine the electrical activity of the heart.Chest X-ray: An X-ray of the chest shows whether the heart is abnormally large or an unusual shape due to fluid buildup.This scan provides a detailed image of the heart, which may help the doctor detect fluid in the pericardial sac or a collapsed ventricle. Echocardiogram: Doctors commonly carry out an echocardiogram, or echo, if they suspect cardiac tamponade.The doctor is likely to carry out additional tests to support their diagnosis. They will do this by checking the individual’s blood pressure, listening to their heart, and examining the appearance of their veins. The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade requires a doctor to look for Beck’s triad of medical signs.
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